Analytical methods for determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
95 viewsDOI:
https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.VITTEP.2022.141-149Keywords:
PCDD/PCDF; HRGC/HRMS; Environmental.Abstract
In Vietnam, polychlorinated dibenzo para-dioxins (PCDD) và polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) have two primary source emissions, including Viet Nam War and waste discharges from the manufacturing industry. Especially with the old techniques in manufacturing in VietNam, monitoring and controlling emission sources to the environment is very important. In this paper, the toxicology, toxic equivalent factors (TEF), and the formulas to calculate the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of PCDD/PCDF were illustrated and discussed in detail. Next, the analytical methods methodology and the trend in developing advantages were mentioned. Finally, analytical data with the risk to the environmental health of humans in Vietnam was illustrated.
References
[1]. U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), “Toxicological Profile, Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (CDDs),” Atlanta, pp.1-5, (1999).
[2]. E. J. Reiner, R. E. Clement, A. B. Okey, C. H. Marvin, “Advances in analytical techniques for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs,” Anal Bioanal Chem, Vol. 386, pp. 791–806, (2006). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0479-1
[3]. D. Broman, “Long-term high- and low-volume air sampling of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along a transect from urban to remote areas on the Swedish Baltic coast,” Environmental science and technology, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 1841–1849, (1991). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es00023a001
[4]. J. A. Taucher, “Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in ambient urban air in Sydney”, Australia. Chemosphere, Vol. 25, pp. 1361–1365, (1992). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(92)90154-J
[5]. F. H. J. Joseph et al, “Multivariate data analysis”, pearson prentice Hall, pp. 1-31, (2010).
[6]. International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), “Polychlorinated Dibenzo-para-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Environmental Health Criteria (EHC),” Geneva, (1989).
[7]. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), “Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-para-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans,” WHO, IARC, Lyon, France, Vol. 69, (1997).
[8]. United Nations Environment Programme, “Dioxin and Furan Inventories. National and Regional Emissions of PCDD/ PCDF,” Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1-12, (1999).
[9]. M. V. D. Berg M et al, “Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife,” Environ Health Perspect, Vol 106, No. 12, pp 775–792, (1998). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106775
[10]. L. A. Shadoff et al, “ A search for 2,3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) in an environment exposed annually to 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid ester (2,4,5-T) herbicides,” Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, Vol. 18, pp. 478–485, (1977). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01683720
[11]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Determination of 2,3,7,8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) Using Waters and Agilent Gas Chromatography-Tandem-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS),” US EPA SGS AXYS Method ATM 16130, ATP Case No. N18-0003, (2020).
[12]. S. O. Kudlak et al, “Review of the Sampling and Pretreatment Methods for Dioxins Determination in Solids, Liquids and Gases,” Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, Vol. 54, pp. 245-262, (2007). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200700037
[13]. C. Matsumura et al, “ Pretreatment of dioxin analysis in environmental samples,” hyogo prefectural institute of environ. sci., pp. 1-4, (1996).
[14]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Tetra-through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS,” EPA Method 1613, (1994).
[15]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by HighResolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS),” EPA Method 8290, (1994).
[16]. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), “Water quality—Determination of tetrato octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans—Method using isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS,” ISO 18073, (2004).
[17]. European Standard, “Stationary source emissions, determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/ PCDFs,” CEN EN 1948, (1997).
[18]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “The analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by HRGC/LRMS,” EPA Method 1613, (1998).
[19]. Ban Chỉ đạo Quốc gia khắc phục hậu quả chất độc hoá học do Mỹ sử dụng trong chiến tranh ở Việt Nam và Tập đoàn tư vấn Hatfield, “Đánh giá sức khỏe con người và môi trường do sự nhiễm bẩn Dioxin tại sân bay Biên Hòa, Việt Nam,” ( 2011).
[20]. Bộ tài nguyên môi trường, “Dự án Xử lý dioxin tại các vùng ô nhiễm nặng ở Việt Nam”, (2013).
[21]. N.V. Hue et al, “Determination of PCDD/Fs in breast milk of women living in the vicinities of Da Nang Agent Orange hot spot (Vietnam) and estimation of the infant's daily intake,” The Science of the total environment, Vol. 491, pp.212-218, (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.054
[22]. N. T. Hung et al, “Atmospheric PCDD/F concentration and source apportionment intypical rural, Agent Orange hotspots, and industrial areas in Vietnam,” Chemosphere, Vol. 182, pp. 647-655, (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.050
[23]. R. J. Wenning et al, “Interpretation and analysis of complex environmental data using chemometric methods,” trends in analytical chemistry, Vol. 13, No. 10, pp. 446-457, (1994). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(94)85026-7
[24]. T. Kouimtzis el al, “PCDD/Fs and PCBs in airborne particulate matter of the greater Thessaloniki area, N. Greece,” Chemosphere, Vol. 47, pp. 193–205, (2002). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00291-0
[25]. S. Y. Pan et al, “Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from emission stacks and the nearby ambient air in Taiwan,” Nature, Sci Rep, Vol. 11, No. 8093, (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87468-5
[26]. O. Correa et al, Concentrations and vapor–particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ambient air of Houston, TX, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, pp. 6687–6699, (2004). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.005
[27]. A. Colombo et al, Concentrations of PCDD/PCDF in soil close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Chemosphere Vol. 85, pp. 1719–1724, (2011). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.018
[28]. M. Schuhmacher et al, “Long-term study of environmental levels of dioxins and furans in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator,” Environment International, Vol. 32, pp. 397 – 404, (2006). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.09.002
[29]. P. Xu et al, “Health risk of childhood exposure to PCDD/Fs emitted from a municipal waste incinerator in Zhejiang, China,” Sci. Total Environ, Vol. 689, pp. 937–944, (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.425
